Archive for the ‘Earth Science’ Category

10 plants that are not thirsty

Wednesday, August 18th, 2010

1The great Astrance:
This beautiful perennial is very easy to grow and tolerates drought as the soil
is rich and fresh.

*Scientific name: astrantia Staff
*Soil: limestone
*Hardiness: very good
*Watering: 1 times / week
*Exposure: sun direct

2The palm of China
This palm variety is probably one of the most robust of the genus Chamaerops. It
can be planted from north to south of France.

Scientific name: Chamaerops excelsa
Soil: sand or limestone
Hardiness: very good
Watering: none
Exhibition: direct sun or partial shade

3The butterfly bush

This shrub grows quickly and has a golden floral beauty with its pretty yellow
clusters. Beware, he can not stand temperatures below 8 ° C.

Scientific Name: Buddleia
Soil: sand or limestone
Hardiness: very good
Watering: none
Exposure: sun direct

4The buttercup garden
This perennial blooms from June to September. She disappears mysteriously
reappear for a place to another.

Scientific Name: Lychnis coronaria
Soil: sand or limestone
Hardiness: very good
Watering: none
Exposure: sun direct

5The Hebe
The family Hebes is varied. These small trees like well drained soil and
limestone.
Scientific Name: Hebe
Soil: sand or limestone
Hardiness: good
Watering: none
Exhibition: direct sun or partial shade

6Mimosa
This persistent foliage grows pretty quickly. Remember to periodically remove
seedlings.
Scientific name: Acacia
Soil: sand
Hardiness: good
Watering: none
Exhibition: direct sun or partial shade

7Japanese Maple
This small tree foliage grows slowly enough light. It grows best when sheltered
from the wind and managed a well drained soil.
Scientific name: Acer palmatum ‘Bloodgood’
Soil: sand
Hardiness: very good
Watering: Occasional
Exhibition: direct sun or partial shade

8Cistus
The cysts form rounded clumps and fragrant. They bloom between April and June
and are not afraid poor soil and arid.
Scientific Name: Cistus
Soil: sand or limestone
Hardiness: good
Watering: none
Exposure: sun direct

9Oleander
The oleander fits all drained soil, even chalk. It also resists temperatures
inféireures 6 ° C. for short durations.

Scientific name: Nerium olenader
Soil: sand or limestone
Hardiness: Normal
Watering: none
Exposure: sun direct

10Lavender
Only one size, three times a year is needed to maintain their beautiful shape.

Scientific name: Lavandula
Soil: sand or limestone
Hardiness: very good
Watering: none
Exposure: sun direct

The American view of the sky

Monday, May 3rd, 2010

sciences-images817 times as large as France, bathed by two oceans and crossed five time zones, the U.S. is the country of excess. Aerial photography by Jim Wark was published by White Star delivers a breathtaking view of the treasures of this vast territory. Here, Niagara Falls, Canadian side of the border.

sciences-images9The American landscape are not confined to giant cities and natural parks: each state has its own charm and reveal their splendor. Here, an Amish farm in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

sciences-images10The spectacular rocky desert of Monument Valley is located in southern Utah and northern Arizona. It is part of a reservation of Navajo Indians on the Colorado Plateau.

sciences-images11The Navajo were given evocative names to most of the buttes, mesas and rock formations that stand isolated on these desert lands. In the foreground, Yei Bi Chai ones (”places of healing” in Navajo.)

sciences-images12Mountain Lake almost inaccessible in the Glacier National Park in the Montana border and Canada. The park has a string of summits which only 130 are named and practicable.

sciences-images13The Kootenai River has the same name of an Indian tribe. It runs through British Columbia, Canada, and Montana and Idaho, before returning to his steps. The small canals that surround testify spring flooding related to melting of snow.

sciences-images14The state of Vermont, north of the east coast, is definitely green. Its height is also nicknamed the “Green Mountains” (Green Mountains). Its terrain is conducive to the formation of lakes and smaller isolated ponds.

sciences-images15Yellowstone National Park is famous for its geysers and hot springs. The yellow color of its sandy beaches is the origin of its name.

sciences-images16The vertical formations are Half Dome and El Capitan in Yosemite National Park.

sciences-images17Contradicting these rocky highlands, the lowlands of the Mississippi Delta region are composed of marshes melt into the lagoon. If mounted imporant water, these landscapes are the first to disappear.

sciences-images18Here, Washington DC, the U.S. capital, in the foreground the Capitol (Congress of the United States.)

sciences-images19In Miami, the must is to have a home enjoys easy access to the sea city has therefore built along the coast. The towers, they are appreciated for their dominant view.

sciences-images20Loaded with a special symbolic value, the Statue of Liberty retains the grace and dignity of classic greek statues which the designer was inspired by Auguste Bartholdi.

sciences-images21These large flat buildings framed by parking lots look like when viewed from above, at an industrial site. It is actually the attractions at Epcot Center, one of the parks that make up Disney World, Florida.

sciences-images22Orlando’s theme parks have become the premier tourist destination … For some, it’s hard to believe as the similar nature, in the natural park of the Everglades, Florida, offers attractions.

sciences-images23The Great Salt Lake, located in Utah near Salt Lake City, covers an area of over 4400 square km. Its salinity is greater than that of seawater, the swimmers will float very easily.

Landscapes crystalline

Wednesday, April 21st, 2010

sciences-images44The rings agates are the witness of his training. In the hollow of a rock, the layers are deposited at As concentrically from outside to inside.

sciences-images43Agate is the most striated rock. It is formed by several concentric layers of colors and textures.

sciences-images45The agate slices observed in the eye like cutting trees but looking closer, it’s like in the desert.

sciences-images46Item river but a quartz: petersite. This variety of quartz similar in appearance to the eye of the tiger.

sciences-images47The paesine is characterized by very marked staining. Obtained by fractionation they form geometric representations typical.

sciences-images48If you look closer, some minerals have tunes of Japanese prints.

sciences-images38It is indeed a stone, a paésine to be exact. This corresponds to a particular marble: limestone with multiple layers whose color has been interrupted several times.

sciences-images39In reality it is a chrysocolla malachite. Chrysocolla is a mineral weathering copper minerals. It is commonly associated with other minerals like copper by Malachite.

sciences-images40This is a jasper orbicular jasper. Crossed circles concentric tight against each other, it comes from the province of Mahajanga in northwest Madagascar.

sciences-images41This quartz Microcrystallization is a variety of chalcedony, is an agate. The areas colored by the oxides and inclusions drive it into an infinity of reasons.

sciences-images42Another orbicular jasper. The Jasper is opaque chalcedony, massive, fine grained. The base color can be white, pink, green, red, or yellow. The addition of oxides and changes in concentration, animate nicely.

The future of Earth animals

Saturday, April 10th, 2010

a77

One British team scaffold theory of evolution and animal habitats, taking account of current knowledge about plate tectonics, climate and
the resilience of wildlife today. In 5 million years This bird, the falcon from South America, will continue its prey in the grasslands of the Amazon. It will
be one of the fastest terrestrial predators.

a78

Evolution of Uakari, South American monkey, the animal communicates with its peers with its tail.

a79

The pet wears a shell covering the body of the savanna fires. It descends from the agouti, a small rodent of America.

a80

In 100 million years, the blue bird feathers reflect the rays of the sun. With two pairs of wings, it can glide over long distances.

a81

The reptile evolution of the turtle no longer needs its shell to protect it: was 7 meters tall and 120 tons, he no longer fears any predator.

a82

In 200 million years, this arthropod crustaceans will feed derived exclusively planktonic organisms. It is abundant in all oceans of the world.

a83

Descendant of flying fish, bird flaps its wings so rapidly that it is able to keep it stationary in the air.

a84

This has kept down the squid’s eight arms and two tentacles. It can communicate through sound.

a85

This fish, resulting from the evolution of flying fish, will be distributed in all oceans. Better not be facing him!

a86

To defend himself, this descendant of seabirds in Antarctica sneezes is corrosive on his assailants. He proceeds through the flowers he gathers.

a87

The cephallopode camouflaged with special pigments to trap their prey. They are present in all oceans.

a88

The animal uses its muscular foot to move in the desert areas without worrying about burns hot sand.

a89

Main predator of the oceans, its luminescent tape in order to communicate with others.

Geological landscapes

Sunday, April 4th, 2010

a8Francois Michel immortalized in this photo explosive activity at the summit of Stromboli volcano in the Aeolian Islands (Italy).

a9The volcano is a volcano Licancabur South America which is the border of Chile and Bolivia. Its crater contains a lake filled with living organisms despite the extreme living conditions.

a10Erg Eklewa in Mauritania (Africa) has magnificent golden dunes sculpted by the wind strength. Oases are nested and have a wonderful haven of peace.

a11In this photograph, we easily distingons strata of sandstone in different colors ranging from yellow to bright red. The area of Petra in Jordan is also very seismic.

a12Erta Ale is a shield volcano in Ethiopia. Its crater 90 meters deep fall apart under the action of incandescent lava lift.

a13Dunes of sight mark Erg Eklewa (Mauritania). The scientists called “barchan” because of their crescent shape elongated in the direction of the wind.

a14The lagoon of emerald Quilotoa Ecuador occupies the bottom of a huge caldera. This pot several kilometers in diameter.

a15Cappadocia is a volcanic region of Turkey sheltering a wide variety of figures géolgiques result of severe erosion. Fireplaces, snags, towers, pyramids and needles are the richness of this region.

a16Casting carbonatites in the crater of Ol Doinyo Lengai. This stratovolcano is located in the Great Rift Valley in Tanzania (Africa). Maasai name given to the volcano means “Mountain of Gods”.

a17Tizouyadj site in Algeria is a very experienced climbers. It contains enormous peaks trachyte (volcanic rock rich in feldspar and silica) carved in the shape of organs at the whim of the wind.

a18Blue Lagoon is a renowned spa in Iceland. His fame, she has an artificial lake 200 meters long, dug in the middle volcanic zone. This kettle heating water which exceeds 240 ° C at 2 000 m depth allows geothermal power plant that heats and the surrounding cities and the capital Reykjavik.

a19The limestone basins are located at Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone park (Wyoming, USA). The groundwater rich in calcium carbonate back to the surface. The pressure difference is precipitated calcium carbonates which are deposited in several layers and form giant basins.

a20The Bossons glacier contains the largest ice stream in Europe. The descent of Mont Blanc and ends above the village of Bossons. Within a century, this language has declined by 1 200 meters.

a21400 km southeast of Cairo (Egypt), a white desert stretches between two oases. This unique landscape is classified as a nature reserve since 2002. The characteristic of this desert is its component such as chalk cliffs of Etretat Dover (England).

a22The torrent surglaciaire plunges into the depths of the glacier and joins the stream through a gap sousglaciaire preferentially the mill-he shapes swirling.

a23At the foot of the cliff Tassili N’Ajjer, this inhospitable area is a maze of rocks in balance and fortresses of sandstone.

a24The area south of Pamukkale, western Turkey owes its tourist attraction with its warm waters for centuries that develop tangles of white limestone basins. Hence the name of chateau cotton.

a25This rock arch stands in the Tassili Ajjer (Algeria), a sandstone plateau. This sculpture is the result of severe erosion that plagued the region for centuries.

a26The Tassili National Park is World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1992. It stretches over 100 000 hectares south of Algeria and contains archaeological and geological treasures.

a27The Puy de Côme Auvergne culminates to 1253 m. This type Strombolian volcano - could be explosive, is the largest volcanic cone of the volcanos.

a28The water content in the limestone pools of Mammoth Hot Springs of Yellowstone park is relatively acidic and rather hot as it is located on a volcanic zone.>/p>

a29Egyptian Sinai geological surprises like this or this morel mushroom stone carved by the elements.

a30The barchan formed by wind. This pushes the sand so they ride along the back of the dune crest to reach the best race down the other side. Thus, the dunes move forward gradually.

a31Draperies and stalactites in the cave of Les Demoiselles (Herault).

a32A crack at the top of a glacier has closed creating a small lake.

10 inventions that make mention of them

Sunday, March 28th, 2010

a121The engineers of the German firm Festo has developed a fully autonomous armed bionic: AquaPenguin. This little robot imitates to perfection the behavior of these birds supernumeraries. It measures 77 cm and weighs 9.6 pounds. It moves in water at a speed of 5 km / h, consumes very little energy and has an endurance of 6 to 7 hours.

Very handy, he sneaks in places very narrow ledge direction quickly. His bionic tripod it provides such ease of movement.

With a 3D radar system similar to that used by dolphins and bats, these small underwater vehicles can navigate band without interference.

a122Growing food in the city is no longer a preposterous idea! The engineers had the idea to develop huge towers to house crops.

The company Valcenter Texas (USA) has developed a strong agriculture or soil-less hydroponics where the plants grow in rows swing. This rotation of crops to provide light and nutrients. This system significantly reduces the piles of waste water in contrast to conventional farms. These towers could provide agricultural commodity without further use of new land. Good news for rainforests!

a123The use of an insect to vaccinate against malaria or malaria is like a joke! How Anopheles, insect responsible for transmitting the parasite Plasmodium, could prevent this disease? And although the Japanese have the answer.

By genetic manipulation, scientists have developed a carrier of Anopheles natural vaccine against malaria. His salivary glands produce a molecule effective against the development of disease in the body. This protein is inoculated in each patient to bite and it’s totally free!

a124Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in partnership with scientists at Boston University have developed a bionic eye that could transform the lives of many blind.

A circuit is integrated titanium to the eyeball of the patient. It will carry a pair of glasses with a small camera. Who will transmit images directly to the integrated circuit which will then send to the brain.

This system does not allow people with blindness completely cover the eye, but they will recognize faces and to move alone.

a125British billionaire Richard Branson did not finish to One of the tabloids. After the maiden flight of the space plane, Virgin Galactic, here is his latest creation: Necker Nymph.

This aircraft submarine project to bring tourists to explore the beauty of marine and 10 000 meters deep. The prototype DeepFlight Merlin has been created by Graham Hawkes of Hawkes Ocean Technologies company. The submarine measures 4.6 meters long and can carry 3 persons on board. It offers a panoramic 360 °. The weekly rental of this gem will cost 25 000 dollars!

a126The Japanese company Zena System has developed a basic hexagonal tower capable of producing electricity: Wind Tour 360 °. Exit the huge wind turbines in the fields!

This tall tower of fifty meters captures the wind by opening its doors to the inside. The wind rushes and converges at the base of the building where there are huge turbines. Their rotation led to the production of electricity.

Kyushu Island is about to see one of these towers on its soil to produce nearly 5 mega watts of electricity.

a127Mark Moore, an engineer at NASA, rivals creativity. This scientist is to design a single-seat aircraft, Puffin, which takes off vertically and then goes into horizontal flight positron. This concept targets the military for surveillance operations or locating in any option.

This device consists in carbon weighs 180 kilograms and measure 3.7 m long (to 4.1 m wingspan). With two-rotor propellers connected to a 60 horsepower engine, the aircraft can reach a cruising speed of 225 km / h 9 000 meters. Its peak speed is 480 km / h.

a128After the huge towers and photovoltaic fields, the following floating solar islands. The company Nolar, the original concept, developed islands of about 80 m in diameter, perched on a cushion of air giving them a total buoyancy.

These islands are composed of solar panels that concentrate sunlight onto tubes of water-rich. The resulting steam then generates electricity by spinning turbines. The island follows the exact path of the sun by pivoting on itself.

A prototype is being built 100 km off Dubai, Ras al-Kkayma. It should produce 1.2 GWh per year.

a129The prostheses are improving more and larger every year, like this new artificial hand developed by a team of researchers from the Biomedical Campus of Rome. This prosthesis responds to stimuli generated by the nerves of the amputated limb.

The patient’s arm includes miniature electrodes the size of a hair. To make a simple gesture, the nerve impulses are picked up by these electrodes and then sent to the computer that describes the signals and then sends the orders in hand.

This prosthesis is still at the prototype stage and it weighs nearly 2 pounds. Unable to market until it is miniaturized.

a130Microbes écopent a very bad reputation and often rightly so. Yet some of us reserve a pleasant surprise as the bacterium Geobacter.

Professor Derek Lovely and his team at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (United States) have created a strain of Geobacter 8 times more effective than strain basis. This degrades the organic matter present in wastewater and sludge and transforms it into energy. It remains to develop a stack-based bacteria to produce clean electricity and profitable.

Southern treasure of biodiversity

Tuesday, March 16th, 2010

a50Southern treasure of biodiversity
Kicking off the International Year of Biodiversity was given January 22. An extremely serious view of the mass extinction of new species every year. Lands French Southern still seem unaffected by this phenomenon. Look! This penguin is at home among his thousands of congeners.

a51Break tenderness of black-browed albatross
The black-browed albatross takes up residence in the Kerguelen Islands (South Indian Ocean). Its 2.5 meter wingspan does not go unnoticed for this species of albatross most observed. It is recognizable by its small mask eyepiece which earned him the name of black browed albatrosses.

a52Alone in the world?
This small piece of land the French Mozambique Channel (Indian Ocean) is a hotbed of scientific research. Four times a year, researchers are studying the ecosystem and make an inventory of species unearthed. This area is particularly protected from pollution.

a53Penguins who do not take up
Lovers of animation films will recognize this case presents in “Happy Feet”. The rockhopper penguin is named after its way of moving by leaps and bounds because of his feet together. Its yellow-crested small feathers around the eyes, apart from other species of rockhopper penguins.

a54Majestic yellow-nosed albatross
This species of albatross recognizable by its yellow bill lives on the island of Amsterdam. Since the 70s, the number of colonies on the island are declining. Scientists explain this decrease in mortality at sea due to interactions with the fishery and mortality on land due to predation of eggs and chicks by rats and other viral agents.

a55Spectacular waterfalls

These amazing waterfalls freshwater flow directly into the cold southern waters. The Crozet Islands are composed of five volcanic islands where the rainfall is significant, nearly 2,500 mm per year (300 days of rain per year).

a56Settling of accounts between elephant seals
These two “giants” do not hesitate to settle on the beach of the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Indian Ocean). Elephant seals are the most impressive seals. They can make very long trips and stay submerged very long.

a57Heaven on earth
Glorioso Islands are located at the northern tip of Madagascar (Indian Ocean). These two volcanic islands are surrounded by a coral reef. In some places, it emerges as rocks.

a58Family Portrait of Emperor penguins
Aptenodytes forsteri is the best known of all the penguins and was even the hero of a world-renowned documentary. The emperor penguin is an endemic species that are found only on the frozen continent: Antarctica. It measures 1.25 m high.

a59Amsterdam A sea lion stands guard
The seal of Amsterdam is known for subantarctic fur seal. The colonies of marine organisms that live on islands near the Antarctic Convergence. Their number is estimated at nearly 400 000.

a60En route to the sea
This little green turtle has just come into being and it does not yet know that his days are numbered. Between birds and marine predators, the turtle has little chance to survive.

a61Arriving at Amsterdam Island
The “Marion Dufresne” is a French ship whose home port is the island of Reunion. It is the shuttle and ensures the supply of those missions on the islands whose southern French island of Amsterdam.

a62Normal flight to Amsterdam albatross
The Amsterdam albatross is a species endemic to the southern island. Researchers have identified only 15 couples. Breeding give birth at best every two years, where the fragility of this bird.

a63Anse de Saint Paul
In this picture, we find the ship “Marion Dufresne” to the large island of St. Paul. It is only 5 km from long. It belongs to the Southern and Antarctic with the French islands of Amsterdam, Kerguelen, Crozet, scattered islands and Adelie Land.

a64Saving biodiversity
To study and identify biodiversity, scientists go there and make as many comments here where they measure the size of a juvenile green turtle off the coast of Glorioso Islands in the Indian Ocean.

Forests and oceans, the two lungs of the nature

Friday, March 12th, 2010

a36A protective coating is essential to life
The atmosphere is a gaseous layer composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 0.035% carbon dioxide. These gases play a major role in sustaining life on earth.

Living organisms such as plants will use the presence of carbon in the air but also the light energy emitted by the sun and water in order to synthesize their own organic matter, they are called autotrophic organisms.

To succeed in making their carbonaceous material such as sugars, these organizations use a set of chemical reactions: photosynthesis.

a37Support photosynthesis
All plants are not capable of photosynthesis, a process bioenergetics. They must possess a photosynthetic parenchyma. This tissue is found in the leaves (sometimes, more rarely, at the stem) and consists of cells located in peripheral veins; an ideal position to facilitate the intake of nutrients such as water.

Terrestrial plants are not the only ones who can develop their organic matter, algae can too through photosynthetic cells located throughout the thallus, vegetative without any stem, leaves or roots.

a38A bioenergetic process that occurs only on the day
Many studies show that photosynthesis can not occur that day. Why? The light energy produced by the sun is the instigator.

At night, the agencies are not photosynthesizing autotrophs as breathing is to say, consume oxygen and release into the air of carbon dioxide.
By day, they also breathe but they produce much more oxygen than they consume. Photosynthesis premium on respiration.

a39Nutrient inputs through the conducting vessels
To carry out all chemical reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is not enough. The organic material will be produced from minerals and water collected in the soil by roots and transported to leaves by the conducting vessels of the stem and ribs.

Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is absorbed by special cells present in the parenchyma: the stomata. These cells play the role of pay between the air and the internal environment of the tissue. All gas exchange of plants are there.

a40Three varieties of pigments
To capture light energy from the sun, the plants have at their disposal little pigment. There are three varieties: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids all (give an orange).

They supported the function of a collector antenna. Depending on the wavelength of light, as the pigment will absorb. Chlorophylls are insensitive to wavelengths of light green. The plants that contain large quantities are then green. Carrots are orange because they are concentrated in carotenoids (do not absorb the wavelength of red).

These pigments are found in organelles located themselves in the parenchyma cells: chloroplasts.

a41The head of photosynthesis
The chloroplasts are divided into two parts: the stroma (the fluid of the organelle) and the thylakoids, membrane structures in the form of flattened sacs stacked on each other. Both sets play a special role during photosynthesis.

The pigments embedded in the thylakoid membranes carry the first part of photosynthesis: photosynthesis I and Phase clear.
In the stroma, a chemical reaction called the Calvin cycle will punctuate the creation of organic matter such as glucose is the photosynthesis II or phase dark.

a42Chain reaction supplementary
The clear phase occurs in the thylakoids. The pigments absorb light energy and transform it into chemical energy which is in the form of molecules: the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NAPH-H +. During the reaction, water molecules, H2O are then lysed by oxygen molecules: the water photolysis. They are ejected into the atmosphere via the stomata.

The chemical energy produced is then used to fix carbon in the molecules of carbon dioxide with hydrogen atoms of water molecules trapped by the leaves. This reaction redox therefore gives rise to carbohydrates (mainly glucose), organic matter.

a43A massive storage of carbon
It would be simplistic to confine the photosynthesis in the formation of oxygen. In developing the organic matter by this process, bioenergetics autotrophic organisms such as terrestrial plants, algae and cyanobacteria contribute to carbon storage in the atmosphere. The oceans and forests are called carbon sinks.

Without photosynthesis, the atmospheric concentration of oxygen would constantly fall to become scarce in the future Earth. Forests and oceans are called lungs of the planet.

Human Pollution from the sky

Tuesday, February 9th, 2010

a87The sources of pollution from the sky
This picture was taken in South Carolina, to Canady, a mining area. The color orange is the pollution generated by the extraction of minerals, in this case coal. Ash and arsenic, mercury, selenium and lead come into direct contact with groundwater.

a88Exploitation of phosphate in Florida
This design carved into the ground and resembling a dragon represents an extraction of phosphates in Bartow, Florida. What we see here is the dumping of waste in liquid form directly from phosphate mines. These products are very toxic to the environment

a89Toxic ponds
Germany is also experiencing a major source of pollution caused by mining as by Niederzier. Viewed from above, the waste lagoons of lignite mines.

a90Fertilization destructiveHere’s an aerial view of another mine phosphates in Florida. To get this valuable product used as a fertilizer in agriculture, mining use of sulfuric acid which has the direct consequence of producing radioactive waste and waste acids. It also releases high levels of fluorine gas. All these compounds are highly toxic to animals living in this environment.

a91Piles of coal
In coal mines, workers dig the ground to release the precious fuel. Some use is conducted directly to the furnaces while the rest is not usable stacked on both sides of the site to reinforce the mine only.

a92Lots of sedimentAll these neat rows correspond to the pile of sediment returned to find coal. This picture was taken at Lausitz in Germany.

a93Completely polluted waters
Who could believe that such dumping of waste from a generator of electricity in coal merchant can still occur. And yet, this red tide orange shows pollution of the waters near the power plant of Lausitz in Germany for mercury, cadmium, chromium and arsenic.

a94Heavy metal pollution
The heavy metal pollution of the waters above the German view close-up here is immortalized in the sky by J Henry Fair.

a95The horrors of intensive farming
Focus on agricultural area around Lake Champlain in Vermont in the United States. This photo was taken just after a violent storm we see a clear flow of the rainwater directly into the lake. Officers fertilizers to meet the intensive agriculture are found in the lake causing the rapid growth of algae. Their presence creates a high concentration of bacteria that deplete the oxygen in the aquatic environment.

a96Tons of ash
The light down at the end of the day illuminates the mountains of sediment resulting from the extraction of coal.

a97A lunar landscape
The chimneys of power plants fueled by coal pollute much with the release of ash-laden clouds. These are deposited on the surrounding environment including water.

a98A semblance of recovery
Each year, power walking coal releases 130 million tons of liquid and solid wastes containing heavy metals. Manufacturers claim that 40% of this waste is recoverable and reused for the building.

a99The stigma of arsenic
The U.S. Agency for Environmental Protection (EPA) has recognized the site of South Carolina as a victim of massive pollution. The groundwater has been infiltrated by arsenic from pools of liquid unlined and hence leakage.

a100Appalachian disfigured by man
Nearly one million hectares of old growth forests of the Appalachians have been destroyed due to operate a mine in order to mitigate the terrain. The green areas correspond to a mixture of grasses and fertilizers that grow but die quickly.

a101Leaks of hazardousBefore use, the coal must be washed with water and treated with many chemicals. This system generates toxic sludge stored in tanks. They are not lined and there are leaks polluting crossing the water table.

Alert melting ice

Thursday, February 4th, 2010

a15Fonte
On April 4, Wilkins plate located at the Antarctic Peninsula has broken away from the frozen continent. This huge block of ice as big as New York City.

a16Thickness
The split plate Wilkins has operated at its thinnest part, a bridge 500 meters wide.

a17Icebergs
Following the posting of this giant block of ice in Antarctica, many icebergs are formed and drift.

a18Tracks
Within two years, the area of Arctic sea ice has lost 22%. In 2007, this loss reached a record with a cast of 1.2 million square kilometers of ice.

a19Gel
The Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in 50 years to a century. The impact on ecosystems and climate are dramatic.

a20Panorama
Antarctica contains 90% ice and 70% of freshwater reserves.

a21Ark
The thickness of the ice in Antarctica varies from 2 000 to 5 000 meters from place to place. But it tends to decrease as a result of global warming.

a22Aube
The researchers recorded a significant drop in salinity around Antarctica. Fresh water from melting glaciers dillu the salt concentration.

a23Erosion
Contrary to what one might think, the melting of icebergs and ice does not raise the water level. It’s the same principle as the ice floating on water.

a24Underwater
The change in salinity of sea water directly affects ocean currents. This has consequences on the climate.

a25Crack
If the frozen continent, Antarctica, and Groëland were to melt, the worst is to fear for the planet. Entire countries were wiped off the map.

a26Block
The complete disappearance of Antarctica would raise sea levels by 70 meters, it would be 6 meters for the loss of Greenland.

a27Sculptures
During this century, scientists have recorded a temperature increase of 3 ° C at the Antarctic Peninsula.

a28Float
These huge pieces of ice floating on the ocean, the icebergs are monitored by satellite to thousands of kilometers high.

a29Ile
The disappearance of sea ice threatens an entire ecosystem. Many species such as polar bears are destroying their natural habitat.

a30Language
Glaciers worldwide are facing the same fate as the poles. Chinese scientists have recorded a decline de196 sq km of glacier plateau of Qinghai-Tibet in 40 years.

a31Lair
The ice prevents the glaciers flowing toward the ocean. If it disappears, no further barrier can keep them there and the water level will rise.

a32Tabular
The ice of the ice reflects light energy from the sun. If it melts, there will be a decrease in the reflectivity. The oceans store, then more energy which contributes to the warming and, therefore, the weather disturbance.

a33Fracture
Scientists predict an average increase in temperature from 3.8 to 7.2 ° C on Earth by 2100. The poles will be hit hard.

a34Glacier
Permafrost, ground that remains frozen all year, is threatened by global warming. Basing it releases carbon trapped over millions of years, which increases the concentration of greenhouse gas emissions.